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[] *eredh- "high"

*eredh- "high" 


Eng arduous
 Latin arduus "high, steep," also figuratively, "difficult, hard to reach,"


Greek ortho-, stem of orthos"straight, true, correct, regular,"

[] *dher- "to hold firmly, support." 🏢💺 ┬┴┬┴┤

 *dher- "to hold firmly, support."  🏢💺 ┬┴┬┴┤



Greek Darius
Old Persian Darayavaus "he who holds firm the good,"


Eng farm "cultivated land (1520s), fixed payment (usually in exchange for taxes collected, etc.), fixed rent," 
Old French ferme "a rent, lease" (13c.), from Medieval Latin firma "fixed payment," 
Latin firmare "to fix, settle, confirm, strengthen," 
firmus



Latin firmus "strong, steadfast, enduring, stable," figuratively "constant, steadfast, trusty, faithful,"

[] *ghredh- "to walk, go"

 *ghredh- "to walk, go"





Latin progressus "a going forward," from past participle of progredi "go forward," from pro"forward" (see pro-) + gradi 

平均 IQ 日漸下滑 大馬華人 何去何從?











整體             : (非專業)l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l(專業)

減去移民後  : (非專業)l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l (專業)







第N代        : (非專業)l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l (專業)

第 N+1代   : (非專業)l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l (專業)

第 N+2代   : (非專業)l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l (專業)

第 N+3代   : (非專業)l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l (專業)





[] *pau- "to cut, strike, stamp"

 *pau- "to cut, strike, stamp"




Eng account "counting; reckoning of money received and paid, detailed statement of funds owed or spent or property held," 
     Old French acont "(financial) account, reckoning, terminal payment," from a "to" (see ad-) + cont "counting, reckoning of money to be paid,"

 Eng count
Old French conter "add up; tell a story," 
Latin computare "to count, sum up, reckon together," = com- + putare "to reckon,"


Latin amputatus, past participle of amputare "to cut off, lop off; cut around, to prune," = *ambhi- "around" + putare "to prune

 Latin reputationem (nominative reputatio) "consideration, a thinking over," noun of action from past participle stem of reputare "reflect upon, reckon, count over," from re- "repeatedly" (see re-) + putare

[] *re- "to reason, count"

 *re- "to reason, count"


 Old French rate "price, value" and directly from Medieval Latin rata (pars) "fixed (amount)," from Latin rata "fixed, settled," fem. past participle of reri "to reckon, think"

[] *ghabh- "to give or receive"

*ghabh- "to give or receive"







Eng due "customary, regular;" mid-14c., "owing, payable," 
     Old French deu, (past participle)
                            devoir "to owe," 
Latin debere "to owe, keep something away from someone" = de- + habere